Letter of Transmittal
Singapore Institute of Technology
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
16 October 2017
Mr Brad Blackstone
Singapore Institute of Technology
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
Singapore Institute of Technology
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
Dear Christy,
RE: Proposal for a Sustainable Entry System
We are CRAZ, undergraduates from Sustainable Infrastructure, Singapore Institute of Technology. This technical report is to address the problem whilst entering SIT @Dover, alongside the Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE) during peak hours.
The report consists of the issues people face while using the entry system alongside the AYE, mainly the bottlenecking of human traffic during peak hours and the wheelchair unfriendly single turnstile. The scope includes the advantages and countermeasures towards the potential drawbacks of a dual turnstile system and side gate as our solution and why it should be implemented.
We appreciate you for taking time out of your busy schedule to review this technical report.
Sincerely,
CRAZ
Proposal for a Sustainable Entry System
November 10th, 2017
Prepared by:
CRAZ
Reginald Goh Hsiao Shane, Ong Zi Rui, Tan Chun Heng
Reginald Goh Hsiao Shane, Ong Zi Rui, Tan Chun Heng
Personal Statement
|
Tan Chun Heng is an undergraduate from Sustainable Infrastructure (Land), Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT). Chun Heng graduated from Nanyang Polytechnic with a diploma in Electronic, Computer and Communication Engineering. He interned at STELOP company and dealt with thermal imaging products such as surveillance for defence purposes.
|
|
Ong Zi Rui is an undergraduate from Sustainable Infrastructure (Building Services), Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT). Zi Rui graduated from Temasek Polytechnic with a diploma in Integrated Facilities Management. He interned at Singapore Changi Airport doing ground related work and believes that efficiency is of utmost importance in any work space environment.
|
|
Reginald Goh Hsiao Shane is an undergraduate from Sustainable Infrastructure (Building Services), Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT). Reginald graduated from Ngee Ann Polytechnic with a diploma in Electrical Engineering (Solar specialization). He interned at Singapore Technology Engineering (STE) and maintained and serviced the security features which includes security cameras, Electromagnetic door locks, card readers and the server room.
|
Table of Contents
Page#
Executive summary…………………………………………………………………………………………i
_______
1.0 Background……………………………………………………………………………………………...……1
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.0 Problem Statement………………………………………………………………………………………...2
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.0 Purpose Statement…………………………………………………………………………………………2
______________________________________________________________________________________
4.0 Proposed Solution….………………………………………………………………………………………3
4.1 Ease traffic congestion and improve efficiency……………………………………….3
4.2 Sustainable Sources……………………………………………………………………………....3
4.3 Card reader access for side gate……………………………………………………………..3
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.0 Alternative Solution……………………………………………………………………………………….4
______________________________________________________________________________________
6.0 Benefits…………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
6.1 Eases traffic congestions and improves efficiency…………………………………..4
6.2 Sustainability………………………………………………………………………………………..4
6.3 Students with bulky items and wheelchair users…………………………………….5
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7.0 Evaluation……………………………………………………………………………….…………………….6
7.1 Student/Staff misusing the side gate……………………………………………………...6
7.2 Students unable to exit after operating hours…………………………………….......6
7.3 Mechanism Failure………………………….……………………………………………….……6
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8.0 Methods/Procedure……………………………………………………………………………………….7
8.1 Survey……………………………………………………………………………………………….….7
8.2 Email…………………………………………………..…………………………………………….….7
8.3 Online Research…………………………………………………………………………………..7
8.4 Designs on proposed solutions………………………………………………………….....7
______________________________________________________________________________________
9.0 Concluding Statement…….……………………………………………………………………………..8
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10.0 References………….……………………………………………………………………….……………….9
Appendices:
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Executive summary
The problem of the entry system alongside AYE, at the back entrance of SIT@ Dover bottlenecks human traffic during peak hours. The majority of people entering and exiting the campus have priority over the minority, which causes the minority to awkwardly wait for the majority to pass which wastes time. Furthermore, the turnstile is not wheelchair friendly, and people carrying bulky items are unable to access the single turnstile. Additionally, after 11pm the turnstile locks automatically, which inconveniences students and teachers. The entry system is inefficient and causes frustration on a daily basis.
Based on a simple survey assessing the level of frustration students feel, about 78% of people feel frustrated over the inefficiency of the single turnstile and a substantial 90% of people would like a change in the single turnstile.
The solution is a dual turning turnstile with an exit button in the campus beside the turnstile. Additionally, a side gate with a card reader will be installed - dedicated toward wheelchair users and for people who are carrying bulky objects.
1. Background
Currently in SIT@ Dover, the entry system alongside AYE periodically holds up human traffic which frustrates students and staff alike who are waiting for their turn to enter the compound. While entering the school during peak hours, people at the other side of the turnstile wait awkwardly for their turn to get in or out of the school compound.
The entrance system is also not wheelchair friendly, and carrying bulky objects into the school compound through the single turnstile proves to be a real hassle.
Locking the turnstile utilizes very little electricity and tapping into the main power grid is unnecessary unless a mechanism malfunction happens.
It is also common for students and staff to stay in school till late at night, during exam and non-exam periods alike. During non-exam periods, the turnstile locks after 11pm, which inconveniences students and staff that take buses alongside AYE.
Based on a simple survey of 59 students at SIT (Appendix C), a majority of students feel frustrated while using the single turnstile, and if given the option would like a change in the entry system.
While this might be a relatively petty problem at first glance, improving the entry system will have a positive impact towards the overall mood and psychology of the person using the turnstile. This leaves a good impression of the school, allowing the user to start and end his/ her day on a more positive note. Students and staff should be able to enter and exit SIT@ Dover instantaneously.
2. Problem statement
The single-revolving turnstile at the entrance alongside AYE to SIT @Dover should be convenient to users and allow them to enter the campus without queueing up. In addition, people carrying bulky objects and wheelchair users are unable to enter the single turnstile. This creates inconvenience and limits human traffic flow to a one-way bottleneck
Implementing the appropriate facilities and a new turnstile design will improve user accessibility and alleviate the unnecessary waiting time.
3. Purpose statement
This proposal’s objective is to propose to the Estates Division of SIT @Dover to upgrade the entry system alongside AYE. The improved entry system will ease human traffic flow during peak hours, be self-sustainable and wheelchair user friendly.
4. Proposed solution for a “Sustainable Entry System”
The proposed solution consists of a self-sustaining dual-turnstile and a side gate. This will ease traffic flow and improve accessibility for wheelchair users and people carrying bulky objects.
4.1 Ease traffic congestion and improve efficiency
A dual-turnstile system is recommended. This eases the traffic congestion which allows students and staff to exit and enter the school compound simultaneously, improving efficiency and reliability. This also minimizes manpower while providing security and reduce the overall frustration. An exit button will be implemented at the side of the turnstile for students and staff who wish to leave the school compound after 11pm.
The use of alternative energy will lessen energy consumption. As a person turns the turnstile, the gears will trigger the shaft rotation. Mechanical energy will then be converted into electrical energy by the generator and then stored into a supercapacitor which maintains security during power outages.
4.3 Card reader access for side gate
The side gate is designed primarily for wheelchair users and for those with bulky items (e.g. Personal Motorised Device (PMD), bicycles, school projects etc.) A card reader is installed beside the side gate, allowing entry for students and staff. A signage indicating the purpose of the side gate prompts students and staff from misusing it. Additionally, a closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera serves as a deterrence towards students misusing the side gate.
5. Alternative Solution for “Sustainable Entry System”
The alternative solution will be hiring a security guard to safeguard the school compound along AYE@SIT Dover. It will be a much safer and secure alternative as there will be someone to ensure security instead of depending on technology which can potentially malfunction anytime. However, it is unnecessary to hire a security guard as human traffic alongside AYE is periodical and a simple gate will do the same job, which in return saves manpower.
6. Benefits of a “Sustainable Entry System”
The improved entry system will save security manpower, be independent from the power grid and be wheelchair friendly.
6.1 Eases traffic congestions and improves efficiency
The improved full height dual turnstile will ease traffic congestion and improve the efficiency and reliability of the entry/ exit system. The proposed full height dual turnstile not only provide a high level of security, it minimizes the need for patrol along the campus. The improved turnstile will help reduce student’s and staff’s frustration towards the current single turnstile, which is a one-way entry or exit system. This will also speed up the process which improves the mood of the users.[oz1]
6.2 Sustainability
Aside from improving convenience, the improved turnstile will also decrease energy consumption through the implementation of a kinetic powered generator installed in the turnstile which generates electricity when the turnstile is turned. The generated power will be stored in a capacitor which eliminates the tapping of electricity from the power grid to lock the turnstile after operating hours, which makes it almost entirely independent from the power grid. The turnstile will only tap into the power grid if the generator is faulty.
6.3 Students with bulky items and wheelchair users
The side gate is designed for people with bulky items and wheelchair users. Card readers are installed outside the gate, only allowing access for staff and students without the need to call for assistance. This implementation eases the inefficiency and complexity of the situation. Most importantly, this eliminates waiting time and improves convenience.
Ultimately, the side gate provides a positive image for the campus as this shows that the SIT committee cares and shows commitment to keep the campus safe while ensuring welfare towards students and staffs.
7. Evaluation [oz2]
Evaluation was done to ensure that the respondents’ and stakeholders concerns were identified to provide viable solutions to minimize the challenges through a simple survey (Appendix C). It is essential to design an effective system based on the response of the survey.
7.1 Student/Staff misusing the side gate
To counter such a challenge, signages will be displayed to deter users from intentionally using it without a legitimate reason. (Tan, 2016) stated that putting up signages is effective in deterrence. This method will effectively reduce such an encounter. Since a Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) camera is already installed, it can be used as a deterrence to prevent users from doing so.
7.2 Exiting after turnstile’s operating hours
Students in SIT often stay in school after 11pm. Students can only exit through the main gate after the turnstile’s operating hours which inconveniences those who wants to exit through the back gate. According to the survey (Refer to Appendix C), 90% of the respondents would like to be able to exit alongside AYE after campus operating hours. To address this concern, an exit button will be installed allowing students to unlock the door and exit. The turnstile will then be unlocked for a limited time, allowing one-way exit only. The placement of the button is placed inside the campus, far away from the reach of outsiders to prevent entry.
7.3 Mechanism Failure
During a turnstile mechanism failure after 11pm, the dual turnstile will tap in to the main power gird for electricity to lock and unlock the turnstile.
8. Methods/Procedure
Research was carried out through a survey and findings of online news articles to support the improved turnstile. Our research focuses on the simultaneous accessibility of human traffic and a self-sustaining locking system. The main component of the research is through data collection, data analysis and the research of the turnstile’s mechanism.
8.1 Survey
8.1 Survey
Surveys questions are focused towards the response of students on the efficiency of the turnstile. According to the data, (Refer to Appendix C) 80% of respondents felt frustrated while waiting. 80% of respondents felt that the system was inefficient. 93% of the respondents would like a change in the current entry/ exit system.
8.2 Email
8.2 Email
Next, Emails were sent to enquire on the operating hours. (Refer to Appendix F). The operating hours is used to determine the locking hours of the turnstile.
8.3 Online Research
Research was done via online on the various types of turnstile available in the market. Methods to harvest energy through kinetic energy and gear designs for maximum output was also considered. (Refer to Appendix D). In the article, ‘World First Energy-Generated Revolving Door,’’ (Chapa,2008) reported that the first energy generated turnstile was implemented in Netherland and it generates around 4,600kwh of energy per year, which shows that a self-sustainable turnstile is feasible.
8.4 Designs on proposed solutions
To provide a clear explanation of our proposed solutions. Design ideas were discussed and drawn. (Refer to Appendix E)
9. Concluding statement
CRAZ strongly believes that the full height dual turnstile will effectively ease student’s and staff’s frustration towards the current turnstile alongside AYE at SIT@ Dover. The first step in starting the day right is your first step into the campus. By improving the efficiency and reliability of the entry/ exit system, it improves the student’s and staff’s mood. Students and Staff alike that work/ study till late at night will be able to do it peacefully without the burdensome thought of detouring. As undergraduates of Sustainable Infrastructure, it is only natural for us to take sustainability into account and design it to be self-sustainable.
The survey response expresses a consensus toward a change in the current the single-turnstile system (Appendix C). Finally, the full height dual turnstile system will benefit everyone inside and outside the campus. Staff, students and public alike.
10. References
ALVARADO. (n. d.) Securing Entry with Turnstiles. Retrieved from Alvarado: http://www.alvaradomfg.com/articles/benefits-of-turnstile-secured-entry-points/
Anthony. S (2013, July 11) Kinetic energy harvesting: Everyday human activity could power the internet of things. Retrieved from Extreme Tech: https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/161079-kinetic-energy-harvesting-everyday-human-activity-could-power-the-internet-of-things
Chapa. J (2008, October 12). The World’s First Energy-Generating Revolving Door. Retrieved from inhabitat: https://inhabitat.com/energy-generating-revolving-door-by-boon-edam/
Guerra. (2016, August 16). Can Supercapacitors Surpass Batteries for Energy Storage? Retrieved from Electronic Design: http://www.electronicdesign.com/power/can-supercapacitors-surpass-batteries-energy-storage
Harbourne (2017, March 07). 6 Main Benefits of Turnstiles at the Entrance. Retrieved from Campus Rec: http://campusrecmag.com/6-main-benefits-of-turnstiles-at-the-entrance/
Silva Consultants (n. d.) Problems of Tailgating. Retrieved from Silva Consultants: http://www.silvaconsultants.com/the-problem-of-tailgating.html
Yeo (2016, December 10) Police launch electronic alert signs to deter crime. Retrieved from The Straits Times: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/police-launch-electronic-alert-signs-to-deter-crime’
Appendix A
Personnel, Agencies or Organizations involved
· SIT building management department
· SIT Finance department
Shortlisted Supplier
· Frontier Security Pte Ltd (Supplier)
Frontier Security Pte Ltd has worked on countless projects and their staff has more than five years of experience within the field of work. Collaborated with big companies such as Public Utilities Board (PUB) and SAFRA.
· APM GLOBAL (Supplier)
APM Global is a local manufacturer established since 2013. With constant investment in research and development, the company strive to achieve reliable and high-quality product.
· Huntaway Security (Supplier)
Huntaway Security provides wide range of products and maintenance contract solutions. They also provide a two-year on-site warranty for most of their services. Huntaway Security have collaborated with big companies like AIA, SAFRA, NTU and Certis Cicso.
Appendix B
Survey Questionnaire
1. During peak hours, when a crowd is accessing the turnstile from one side while you are at the other side waiting, do you feel frustrated?
o Very frustrated
o Frustrated
o Slightly frustrated
o Neutral
2. During peak hours, is waiting for your turn to pass through the turnstile frustrating?
o Very frustrated
o Frustrated
o Slightly frustrated
o Neutral
3. How would you rate the efficiency of the turnstile?
o Very frustrated
o Frustrated
o Slightly frustrated
o Neutral
4. Given the option, would you like a change in the back-entrance system alongside AYE at SIT@Dover?
o Yes
o No
5. Given the option, would you like to have exit only option alongside AYE at SIT@Dover after school operating hours?
o Yes
o No
Appendix C
Below are the results of the survey questionnaire.
Appendix D
Below consist of relevant information regarding the methods to harvest kinetic energy.
Methods to harvest kinetic energy
In the article “Kinetic energy harvesting: Everyday human activity could power the internet if thing,” (Anthony,2013) stated that human actions generate a small volume of kinetic energy within a span from 1 microwatt to 3,000 microwatts. From the article, we can conclude that energy can be harvested through repetitive motions. (Chapa, 2008) reported that the world’s first renewable energy revolving door can generate 4,600kwh of energy per year.
From our research, a supercapacitor is required to store energy.
Advantages:
· Life span of 10-20 years
· Delivers high currents and density
Disadvantages:
· Unable to provide current to product with voltage higher than 2.7V
To harvest more energy, we implemented the rotation of gear to maximise the output. Gear ratio affects the output based on the input. The number of teeth and diameter of gears affects the rotation. To increase the output, we increase the size of the driver gear and decrease the driven gear. Since the turnstile is bi-direction, we can include an idler gear in the middle. (See Figure 1)
Figure 1
The supercapacitor will be installed on the idler gear, generating electricity when the gear starts to turn. Together with the main source, the supercapacitor will also be connected to the lock.
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Gantt chart and task allocation
|
Name
|
Admin Number
|
Roles
|
|
Reginald Goh Hsiao Shane
|
1700168
|
Email co-ordinator, Compiler, Letter of transmittal to Purpose statement
|
|
Ong Zi Rui
|
1700110
|
Research, formatting, Benefits to Appendix
|
|
Tan Chun Heng
|
1700207
|
Design of sustainable entry system, time keeper. Proposed solution
|
No comments:
Post a Comment